Cancer research is undergoing a transformation as scientists shift from traditional 2D monolayers to complex 3D systems that better mimic human tumors. Two commonly used cancer models—U2OS cells and A549 cells — highlight how different cell lines adapt to modern research trends.
Moving Beyond 2D
U2OS osteosarcoma cells thrive in both 2D and 3D environments, making them ideal for studying bone cancer metastasis.
A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells form structured spheroids with strong resemblance to real tumor architecture.
Co-cultures and Microenvironments
Researchers now combine multiple cell types to understand cancer–stromal interactions. Both U2OS and A549 cells integrate well into co-culture studies.
Organoid Evolution
3D organoids model cell signaling, proliferation, and drug response more accurately. Certain cancer lines—including A549—are becoming staples in organoid drug-screening platforms.